Claudia Rankine is the author of Citizen: An American Lyric and four previous books, including Don't Let Me Be Lonely: An American Lyric. The purposeful omission of the black bodies highlights yet again the erasure of Black people, while also showing us that this erasure goes beyond daily acts of microaggressions or the systemic forgetting of Black communities (Rankine 6, 32, 82). Page forty-one describes an incident about a friend rushing to meet with another friend in the "distant neighborhood of Santa Monica . Gang-bangers. And this is why I read books. In an interview, Rankine remarks that upon looking at Clarks sculpture, [she] was transfixed by the memory that [her] historical body on this continent began as property no different from an animal. The physical carriage hauls more than its weight. How do sports in particular encourage spectators and officials to assume influence or even ownership over the bodies of. While reading Citizen, people may interpret Rankine's use of different pronouns as a . The wearer of the hood no longer exists, and the now empty hood has been cut off or detached from the rest of the body. 8389., doi:10.17077/0021-065x.6414. the exam room speaking aloud in all of its blatant metaphorsthe huge clock above where my patients sit implacably measuring lifetimes; the space itself narrow and compressed as a sonnetand immediately I'm back to thinking . The pronoun barely [holds] the person together (71). This narrator, who seems to be a version of Rankine herself at this moment, remembers a different time with a different racial make-up than the one in which she currently resides. Instant PDF downloads. Teachers and parents! Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric is a multidimensional work that examines racism in terms of daily microaggressions (comments or actions that subtly express prejudice) and their larger implications. Rankine believes that Black people are not sick, / [they] are injured (143). They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. "The rain this mourning pours from the gutters and everywhere else it is lost in the trees. The picture of a deer first appears in Kate Clarks Little Girl (Rankine, 19), a sculpture that grafts the modeled human face of a young girl onto the soft, brown, taxidermied body of an infant caribou (Skillman 428). For Serena, the daily diminishment is a low flame, a . In addition to questioning unmarked whiteness, Claudia Rankine's Citizen contains all the hallmarks of experimental writing: borrowed text, multiple or fractured voices, constraint-based systems of creation, ekphrastic cataloging, and acute engagement with visual art. In essay, image, and poetry, Citizen is a powerful testament to the individual and collective effects of racism in our contemporary, often named "post-race" society. You (Rankine 142). In this instance, the black body becomes even more animal-like. Whether Rankine is talking about tennis or going out to dinner, or spinning words until youre not sure which direction youre facing, there is strength, anger, and a call for white readers like myself to see whats in front of us and do better, be better. Coates, Ta-Nehisi. You exhaust yourself looking into the blue light. In Claudia Rankines, Citizen: An American Lyric, she explores racism in a unique way. She envisioned her craft as a means to create something vivid, intimate, and transparent. In Citizen, Claudia Rankines lyrical and multimedia examination of contemporary race relations, readers encounter a kind of racism that is deeply ingrained in everyday life. A friend called you by the name of her black housekeeper several times. "Citizen: An American Lyric", p.124, Macmillan . Refine any search. So much racism is unconscious and springs from imagined . This structure which seems to keep African-Americans in chains harkens all the way back to the trans-Atlantic slave trade (59), where Black people were subjected to the most dehumanizing of white supremacys injuries, chattel slavery (Javadizadeh 487). She teaches at Yale and is also the founder of The Racial Imaginary Institute. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. The Atlantic Ocean Breaking on Our Heads: Claudia Rankine, Robert Lowell, and the Whiteness of the Lyric Subject. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. (including. Figure 5. I nearly always would rather spend time with a novel. A former lawyer, he worked on the Saville Inquiry into Bloody Sunday. Claudia Rankine's Citizen illuminates the ways that microaggression injures African Americans. Courtesy Getty images (image alteration with permission: John Lucas). He says he will call wherever he wants. Trump is of course unapologetically and infamously racist against various races (and religions, women, and so on), so the woman behind Trump uses the opportunity to read this anti-racist book, knowing it will get national coverage; we see the title, we check it out: Powerful political commentary. Citizen by Claudia Rankine is an exceptional book which is much deserving of all the awards it has won. Chingonyi, Kayo. Jenn Northington. ISBN: 978-1-55597-690-3CHAPTER 1 When you are alone and too tired even to turn on any of your devices, you let yourself linger in a past stacked among your pillows. Rather than her book being one whole lyric, it can be Figure 2. 137163., doi:10.1017/S0021875817000457. Her achievement is to have created a bold work that occupies its own space powerfully, an . We often say Citizen: An American Lyric study guide contains a biography of Claudia Rankine, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Rankine illuminates this paradox in order to question the concept of citizenship. This confounds and seemingly irks him, prompting the protagonist to wonder why he would think itd be difficult to properly feel the injustice wheeled at a person of another race. Claudia Rankine's bold new book recounts mounting racial aggressions in ongoing encounters in twenty-first-century daily life and in the media. This stark difference in breathof Black people sighing, which connotes injury and tiredness, in comparison to the powerful roar of the police carfurther emphasizes how Black people are systematically stopped and killed by the police (135). is so apt, especially for those of us living in multicultural environments. ", After reading Citizen, its hard not to hear Rankines voice as I ride the subway, walk around NYC, or even pick up other books. Instead of following the woman to ask why she did this, the protagonist took her tennis racket and went to the court. Ta-Nehisi Coates, journalist and author of Between the World and Me (2015),argues that: The forgetting is habit, is yet another necessary component of the Dream. She determines that its either because her teacher doesnt care about cheating or, worse, because she never truly saw the protagonist sitting there in the first place. Lyric Reading Revisited: Passion, Address, and Form in Citizen. American Literary History, vol. There is, in other words, no way of avoiding the initial pain. Moaning elicits laughter, sighing upsets. Get help and learn more about the design. In an article discussing the Black Lives/White Backgrounds of Rankines Citizen, Bella Adams states: the blank and typically white backgrounds on which Rankines words and images appear (69) is representative of the hierarchical racial formation that is rendered nearly invisible by its colour (white) and positioning (background) in the contemporary, so-called colour-blind or post-racial United States (55). This juxtaposition between black space and white space, body and no body, presence and absence, conveys the erasure of Black people on a visual level. The separation of the Black and white subjects acts as a visual metaphor for the racial segregation of the Jim Crow era, as the Black and white subjects are separatednot only by the wooden frame of the image, but by the page itself. For instance, when she and her partner go to a movie one night, they ask their frienda black manto pick up their child from school. Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric ( 2014a) and its precursor Don't Let Me Be Lonely: An American Lyric ( 2004) have become two of the most galvanizing books of poetry published this century. It's a moment like any other. The therapist is yelling for you to leave, and you manage to tell her that you have an appointment. She writes in second person: "you." Claudia Rankine's contemporary piece, Citizen: An American Lyric exposes America's biggest and darkest secret, racism, to its severity. Rankines use of the lyric deeply complicates the trope of lyric presence (Skillman 436) because it goes against the literary trope [that is often] devoid of any social markings such as race (Chan 152). This is evidenced by Serena Williams' response to Caroline Wozniacki's imitation. 3, 2019, pp. Perhaps this dissociation, seen in the literariness of Rankines poetics and use of you, speaks to the kind of erasure of self that happens when you experience racism every day. It's raining outside and the leaves on the trees are more vibrant because of it. When the clerk points out that the woman was next in line, the man responded, "Oh, I didn't see you.". This disrupts the historically white lyric form even further because she is adapting and changing the lyric form to include her Black identity and perspective. She is a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets, the winner of the . resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. It was timely fifty years ago. It's more than a book. Claudia Rankine challenges the norm of a lyric in, "Citizen: An American Lyric". Rankines use of form, visual imagery, and metaphor are not only used to emphasize key themes of erasure, disembodiment, systemic hunting, and the mass incarceration of Black people, but it also works to construct the history of Black citizenship from the time of slavery to Jim Crow, to modern-day mass incarceration. Rankine, Claudia. Public Lynchingfrom the Hulton archives. But then again I suppose it's a really strong point that her consciousness is so occupied by overt racism that she sees subtle racism everywhere -- "because white men cant police their imaginations, black men are dying," particularly -- even where it likely may not exist. By talking about her experiences in second-person, Rankine creates a kind of separation between herself and her experiences. Claudia Rankine, Citizen: An American Lyric. Citizen: An American Lyric is the book she was reading. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Citizen: An American Lyric Quotes and Analysis "Sometimes the moon is missing and beyond the windows the low, gray ceiling seems approachable. African-Americans are still experiencing hardships every day that stem from slavery such as racial profiling, and stereotyping. Skillman, Nikki. 1 It is quite unusual in this age . PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. This metaphor becomes even more complex when analyzing the way Rankine describes the stopping-and-frisking of Black people by the police. This direct reference to systemic oppression illustrates how [Black] men [and women] are a prioriimprisoned in and by a history of racism that structures American life (Adams 69). She's published several collections of poetry and also plays. ISBN 978-1-55597-690-3 Format Paperback . Leaning against the wall, they discuss the riots that have broken out in London as a response to the unjustified police killing of a young black man named Mark Duggan. The protagonist is reacting to an encounter with "the wrong words" as one would to the taste of "a bad egg.". Claudia Rankine reads from Citizen The 92nd Street Y, New York 261K subscribers Subscribe 409 Share 32K views 7 years ago Poet Claudia Rankine reads from Citizen=, her recent meditation. Rankine concludes that this social conditioning of being hunted leads to injury, which then leads to sighing and moaning (Rankine 42). The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. In this vein, Rankine is interested in the idea of invisibility and its influence on ones self-conception. It happens in the schools (6), on the subway (17), and in the line at the grocery store (77), where the non-Black teacher, everyday citizen, or cashier looks straight past the Black person. Stand where you are. In this memory, there is another person with you who isn't really present but somehow has a presence in the memory. The book invites readers to consider how people conceive of their own identities and, more specifically, what this process looks like for black people cultivating a sense of self in the context of Americas fraught racial dynamics. An even more pronouncedly racist moment occurs when the protagonist is in line at Starbucks and the white man standing in front of her calls a group of black teenagers the n-word. The dominance of white space in the text (Rankine 3, 12, 21-22, 45, 47, 59, 81-82, 93, 108, 125, 133, 148-149) illuminates how this erasure of the black body takes place in white spaceswhere the environment is white or dominated by whiteness. Refine any search. It was a lesson., Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs One example is the employer who says he had to hire "a person of color when there are so many great writers out there" (15). The question itself responds to an incident at the 2004 U.S. Open, during which, Williams loses her temper after a Rankine switches between several speakers, although the reader may not be informed of these switches at all. With rightful anger and sadness Claudia Rankine details the racism she has experienced in the United States, as well as the racism that surrounds popular black people in the media like Serena Williams, Barack Obama, and Trayvon Martin and James Craig Anderson. By examining the ways the themes are created in the intersection of art and language, Rankine illuminates the constructed nature of racism in her politically charged, highly stylized and subversive Citizen. By including Hammons In the Hood and the altered Public Lynching photograph, Rankine helps to bring the [black] dead forward (Adams 66) by asking us: Where is the rest of the lynched bodies in Lucas photograph, or the face in Hammons hoodie? Her formally and poetically innovative text utilizes form, figuration, and literariness to emphasize key themes of the erasure, systemic hunting, and imprisonment of African-Americans in the white hegemonic society of America. Even the paper that the text is printed on speaks to the political nature of Rankines form, for the acid free, 80# matte coated paper (Rankine 174), which looks and feels expensive, holds within it so much Black pain and trauma. 1, 2008, pp. A seventeen-year-old boy in Miami Gardens, FL. A man in line refers to boisterous teenagers in the Starbucks as niggers. Butler says that this is because simply existing makes people addressable, opening them up to verbal attack by others. I pray it is not timely fifty years from now. 52, no. In their fight against the weight of nonexistence (Rankine 139), Black people do not have the authority of an I. Citizen as one of the inspirations for her album. Yes, and leads to a narrow pathway with no forks in the road. A picture appears on the next page interrupting Rankine's poem, something that the reader will get used to as the text progresses. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Until African-Americans are seen as human beings worthy of an I, they will continue to be a you in Americaunable to enjoy all the rights of their citizenship. In the very last story, the racist realization is shouted down on the narrator. Claudia Rankine's Citizen is an anatomy of American racism in the new millennium, a slender, musical book that arrives with the force of a thunderclap.It's a sequel of sorts to Don't Let Me Be Lonely (2004), sharing its subtitle (An American Lyric) and ambidextrous approach: Both books combine poetry and prose, fiction and nonfiction, words and . While this style of narration positions the reader as [a] racist and [a] recipient of racism simultaneously (Adams 58), therefore placing them directly in the narrative, the use of you also speaks to the invisibility and erasure of Black people (Rankine 70-72). The protagonist knows that her friend makes this mistake because the housekeeper is the only other black person in her life, but neither of them mention this. Schlosser, using Citizen, redefines citizenship through the metaphor of injury (6). Between the World and Me. One World, 2015. Three years later, Serena Williams wins two gold medals at the 2012 Olympic Games, and when she celebrates by doing a three-second dance on the tennis court, commentators call her immature and classless for Crip-Walking all over the most lily-white place in the world.. Listened as part of the Diverse Spines Reading Challenge. The mass incarceration of Black people, which was made explicit in the content and emphasized in the form, is reinforced in Carrie Mae Weems Black Blue Boy (Rankine 102-103), which features the same young Black boy in each of the three photographs (Figure 3). The childhood memories are particularly interesting because they give the reader a sense of otherness right from the start. This symbolism of the deer, which signifies the hunting and dehumanization of Black people, is emphasized throughout the work through the repetition of sighing, moaning, and allusions to injury: To live through the days sometimes you moan like deer. What is most striking about the visual image is the omission of a human subject. Sometimes you sigh. The door is locked so you go to the front door where you are met with a fierce shout. This consideration of numbness continues into the concluding section, entitled July 13, 2013the day Trayvon Martins killer was acquitted. While Rankine did not create these photos, the inclusion of them in her work highlights the way that her creation of her own poetic structure works with the content. (143). The collection opens with a reproduction of Kate Clark's 2008 sculpture, Little Girl. Considering Schiller and Arnold Through Claudia Rankine's Citizen Reading Between Lines of Citizen The structure, which breaks up the poetics with white space and visual imagery, uses space and mixed media to convey these themes. The erasure of Black people is a theme that is referenced throughout Citizen.Rankine describes this erasure of self as systemic, as ordinary (32). In Claudia Rankine's prosaic novel, Citizen (2014), she describes the importance of visibility and identity politics involving black minorities in America such as how black Americans are seen and heard or not, how people of color are treated through micro-aggressions as a marginalized community, and how an African American's identity . A cough launches another memory into your consciousness. A piercing and perceptive book of poetry about being black in America. Racist language, however, erase[s] you as a person (49), and this furious erasure (142) of Black people strips them of their individuality and the rights that come with an I that are given during citizenship. "Citizen" begins by recounting, in the second person, a string of racist incidents experienced by Rankine and friends of hers, the kind of insidious did-that-really-just-happen affronts that. The large white space on top of the photograph seems to be pushing the image down, crushing the small black space. When you look around only you remain. Considering what she calls the social death of history, Rankine suggests that contemporary culture has largely adopted an ahistorical perspective, one that fails to recognize the lasting effects of bigotry. . Citizen is comprised of multiple different artforms, including essayistic vignettes, poems, photographs, and other renderings of visual art. At a glance, the interactions seem to be simple misunderstandings - friends mistaken for strangers, frustrations incorrectly categorized as racial, or just honest mistakes. By paper choice alone, Rankine seems to be commenting on the political, social, and economic position of Black life in America. Instant PDF downloads. Eugene Jarecki, 2003) is about racial injustice. This was quite an emotional read for me, the instances of racial aggressions that were illustrated in this book being unfortunately all too familiar. Rankine transitions to an examination of how the protagonist and other people of color respond to a constant barrage of racism. This odd and disturbing choice of imagery, which blends a human face with a deer, acts as a visual representation for the dehumanization that Black people are subjected to in America. By utilizing form, visual imagery, and poetry, Rankine enables us to see the systemic oppression of Black people by the state. Citizen: An American Lyric Summary. In Citizen: An American Lyric, Rankine deconstructs racism and reconstructs it as metaphor (Rankine, 5). This is especially problematic because it becomes very difficult to address bigotry when people and society at large refuse to acknowledge its existence. The protagonist experiences a slew of similar microaggressions. Rankine writes: we are drowning here / still in the difficultythe water show[ed] [us] no one would come (85). The lack of separation between clauses creates a sense of anxiety as there is no pause in our readingRankine does not allow us breath. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Nor are the higher echelons of the academic and literary worlds any insulation against such behavior. By choosing to give space to the white space on the page, Rankine forces us to pause and sit with these moments of everyday racism. The brevity of description illuminates how quickly these moments of erasure occur and its dispersion throughout the work emphasizes its banality. The picture is of a well-manicured suburban neighborhood with sizable houses in the background. Struggling with distance learning? Javadizadeh, Kamran. RANKINE, 2016. Chan, Mary-Jean. A friend mentions a theoretical construct of the self divided into the 'self self' and the 'historical self'. Cerebral Caverns, 2011. The way the content is organized, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The trees, their bark, their leaves, even the dead ones, are more vibrant wet. Unable to let herself show anger, she suffers in private. It shows the back of a stop sign with a street sign on top labeled 'Jim Crow Rd'. Citizen, by Claudia Rankine, is a compilation of poems and writings explaining the problems with society's complacency towards racism. Sharma, Meara. The rain begins to fall. When he says this, the protagonist realizes that the humorist has effectively excluded her from the rest of the audience by exclusively addressing the white people in the crowd, focusing only on their perspective while failing to recognize (or care about) how racist his remark really is. These two different examples illustrate various scales of erasure. Rankines visual metaphor and allusions to modern-day enslavement is repeated in John Lucas Male II & I(Rankine 96-97), which also frames Black and white subjects and objects in wooden frames (Figure 5). Many of the interactions also involve an implicit invitation to take part in these microaggressive acts. Teachers and parents! Biss, Eula. Amid historic times, Claudia Rankine feels a deep sense of obligation. "I am so sorry, so, so sorry" is her response (23). The narrator hopes to be "bucking the trend" of the physical tolls racism imposes by "sitting in silence" and refusing to engage with racists (p.13). The subject matter is explicit, yet the writing possesses a self-containment, whether in verse [] He is, the neighbor says, talking to himself. Download chapter PDF. Rankine begins the first section by asking the reader to recall a time of utter listlessness. The route is . A nuanced reflection on race, trauma, and belonging that brings together text and image in unsettling, powerful ways. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Citizen: An American Lyric by Claudia Rankine. To demonstrate this, she turns to the career of the famous African American tennis player Serena Williams, pointing to the multiple injustices she has suffered at the hands of the predominantly white tennis community, which judges her unfairly because of her race. They have not been to prison. Most important poetry book of the year. You say there's no need to "get all KKK on them, to which he responds "now there you go" (21). Predictably, my finger hovers over sections that are more like prose than poetry ( that bit on Serena was a highlight). From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Claudia Rankine's Citizen opens with a sequence of anecdotes, a catalog of racist micro-aggressions and "moments [that] send adrenaline to the heart, dry out the tongue, and clog the lungs." It begins by introducing an unnamed black protagonist, whom Rankine refers to as you. A child, this character is sitting in class one day when the white girl sitting behind her quietly asks her to lean over so she can copy her test answers. Published in 2014, Citizen combines prose, poetry, and images to paint a provocative portrait of the African American experience and racism in the so-called "post-racial" United States. 475490., doi:10.1632/pmla.2019.134.3.475. Struggling with distance learning? Political performance art. Words can enter the day like "a bad egg in your mouth and puke runs down your blouse" (15). As the chapter progresses, so does the strength of the negative feeling produced. Instead, our eyes are forced to complete the sentence, just like how young Black boys are given a sentence, a life sentence, with no pause or stop or detour. Complete your free account to request a guide. View Citizen - Claudia Rankine (Full Text PDF, searchable).pdf from ENGLISH SL Y2 at Quabbin Regional High School. Here, the form and figuration of the text, which emphasizes white space, works to illustrate this key theme of erasure through visual metaphor. Interview with Claudia Rankine. The White Review, www.thewhitereview.org/feature/interview-claudia-rankine/. He told me to figure out which choice would take the most courage, and then do . Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Returning to the unnamed protagonist, Rankine narrates a scene in which the protagonist is talking to a fellow artist at a party in England. What is more concerning than the injured, cut-off state of the deer is the fact that a human face looks pinned onto the animal (163). To see so many people moved and transformed by her work and her vision is something that should give us all hope. Claudia Rankine's National Book Critics Circle award-winning book of poetry and criticism, Citizen: An American Lyric confronts the myriad ways racism preys upon the black psyche. More books than SparkNotes. Its buried in you; its turned your flesh into its own cupboard (63). Its dark light dims in degrees depending on the density of clouds and you fall back into that which gets reconstructed as metaphor." (Citizen, 1) - Section I . Look at the cover. Rankine describes these everyday events of erasure in small blocks of black text, each on its own white page. I feel like Citizen is one of those books everyones read in some portion. By subverting lyric convention, which normally uses the personal first-person I, Rankine speaks to the inherently unstable (Chan 140) positionality of Black people in America, whose bodily existence is threatened on a daily basis by microaggression which treat the black body either as an invisible object, or as something to be derided, policed or imprisoned (Chan 140). Claudia Rankine feels a deep sense of obligation classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover ; ll you. Blocks of Black people do not have the authority of an I neighborhood with houses. Friend rushing to meet with another friend in metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine idea of invisibility and influence. To meet with another friend in the background Rankine seems to be commenting the. The image down, crushing the small Black space translations of every Shakespeare play and poem involve implicit! 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