WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. WebKey Points. Although not even close to the longest war in history, the consequences of World War II were both lasting and devastating. The An Lushan Rebellion was an 8th-century revolt against the Tang dynasty of Imperial China, whereupon in 755 the eponymous favorite general of Emperor Xuanzong proclaimed himself Emperor of the Great Yan dynasty. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared An Lushan Rebellion. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also [35], It was also said that, by this point, An began to be apprehensive of what would happen once Emperor Xuanzong diedas he remembered how he had refused to bow to Li Hengand he began to plan an eventual rebellion, which was further encouraged by his observation that the heart of the empire was without defenses. In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. We thank you for your interest in this question, and your patience in waiting for an in-depth and comprehensive answer to be written, which takes time. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. (Soon, due to accusations of the eunuch Bian Lingcheng (), Emperor Xuanzong executed Feng and Gao, and replaced Gao with Geshu Han.) Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. [citation needed], Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed, but after the edict was drafted, Xuanzong tabled it and instead sent the eunuch Fu Qiulin () to send fresh fruits to An and to observe himupon which An was alleged to bribe Fu into submitting a favorable report. Chinese territory increased enormously and the What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious Xuanzong, now believing An was as submissive to him as a son to a father, showed him even greater favors. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. (It has been suggested, due to his obesity, that An Lushan was suffering the symptoms of acute diabetes.) External links and references In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. Wikimedia Commons. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. I mean, I could use the Fravadn Yasht to claim that ancient Persians regularly killed billions of people. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). Allegations of An's bribes to Fu also reached the Emperor, who then had Fu executed, and sent another eunuch, Feng Shenwei () to Fanyang to again summon An Lushan, who ignored the summons. Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. [42], Two years later, in 759, after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu and assumed the imperial title, Shi Siming buried An Lushan with the ceremony due an imperial prince, not an emperor, and gave him the rather unflattering posthumous name of La (, meaning "unthinking").[16]. He was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, and during frequent visits to the capital, became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. Population displacements and weakened bureucratic structure unable to properly register the households are likely culprits for much of the drop instead of it all being just due to the death toll. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. Drives me nuts. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. Where do we find this stuff? An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. JavaScript is disabled. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. The Revolt of An Lushan. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Li Xianzhong was afraid of An; when An ordered Li to attack the Khitan, Li rebelled, thus putting a halt to An's campaign. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. What is a crown prince?" Geshu's subordinate Huoba Guiren () seized him and surrendered to Yan forces. Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. 343 BC290 BC. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. Wikimedia Commons. Pulleyblank, Oxford University Press (1955), Mexico and the Spanish Conquest, Ross Hassig, Longman (1994), Imperial China, Raymond Dawson, Hutchinson (1972), Gods Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan Spence, W.W. Norton (1996), The Mongol Conquests in World History, Timothy May, Reaktion Books (2012), The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders (2011), The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD, Rafe de Crespigny, East Asian History (1991), The Second World War, Antony Beevor, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2012), The Second World War, Winston Churchill, Houghton Mifflin (1948-1953), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). Marching on the city of Cholula, the second largest in Mesoamerica and the center of the Aztec religion, Corts was welcomed as a guest. [30] Why do you want to cane An Lushan to death?" This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. Dec 13, 2015. Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin Seizing several major cities from the Ming, including Shenyang to serve as their new independent capital, the situation entered an approximate stalemate for the next quarter-century. Jump An Lushan therefore took the name of An. This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. was extremely obese. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). On the night of 29 January 757,[3] with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. Lady Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu (executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history. The Lushan rebellion was a fierce uprising against the Tang Dynasty between the years 755 and 763 CE (Hansen 63). A rare example I could find was a direct question on that subject in an episode on the rebellion by BBC's In Our Time. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . All Rights Reserved. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. The An Due to the slowness of the Yan advance, the Yan forces were unable to capture either Emperor Xuanzong, who eventually reached Shu Commandery, or Li Heng, who fled to Lingwu and took the Tang imperial title there (as Emperor Suzong). Gaining momentum, the Xian besieged Nanjing in May 1862; despite efforts to break the siege by the superior Taiping numbers, the Qing loyalists held firm. An Rokhan grew up in a town in rmqi, and was working as a sartapo in the market when he was accused of sheep theft and sentenced to death. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. The An Lushan Rebellion was a revolutionary action against the Tang Dynasty; the war Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. There are claims in China that the conflict killed several times that (by population records, Jiangsu went from 42 million to 20 million, and Zhejiang went from 30 million to 10 million). There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. Later, Zhang promoted him to be a military officer. WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". Wars of Alexander the Great. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) The An Lushan Rebellion happened in the Chinese Tang Dynasty when a Tang general established a rival dynasty in the North. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. Yang, however, persisted in his reports against An. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people,[37] making it one of the deadliest wars in history. An subsequently returned to Fanyang. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. This event is also Yang Guozhong, instead, entered into an alliance with Geshu against An. [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not The An Lushan rebellion lasted for eight years and devastated the Tang empire. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) 10. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. 33,500+. However, victory for the Yan dynasty would be short-lived for in January 757 An Lushan was murdered by his son, An Qingxu; in turn, An Qingxu was killed by General Shi Siming, who was then himself murdered by his own son, Shi Chaoyi to become emperor. 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