Title Page - check with your instructor if they are requiring a title page, Appendices - check with your instructor to see if they want you to include appendices, Place your cursor at the top of the first page Hit Enter on the keyboard. Trent University respectfully acknowledges it is located on the treaty and traditional territory of the Mississauga Anishinaabeg. " Although it is not required to provide a page or paragraph number in the citation for a paraphrase, . Writing Checklist Remember the introductory paragraph should clearly state the main topic and use the last sentence to preview the structure of the paper to give your reader a structure to follow-- highlight all the main points you will cover in the paper. For both types, a sample paper is included. Your essay should be typed and double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11"), with 1" margins on all sides. A dissertation is the lengthiest writing project that many graduate students ever undertake, and Read more, Choosing your dissertation chair is one of the most important decisions that youll make in graduate school. group (still on the . If your quotation has more than 2 paragraphs, indent the first line of each additional paragraph, using the tab key. The serif fonts you can use are 12-point Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, and normal 10-point Computer Modern, which is the font used for LaTeX. Educators have found it necessary to reiterate to their students that it is preferred to avoid providing information from only a single author or article. Home. button again and select . The following table demonstrates how to format headings in APA Style. Choose what works best for you! Also, use one space after the end-of-sentence punctuation. Listing your keywords will help researchers find your work in databases. Paragraph Alignment and Indentation APA Style includes guidelines for paragraph alignment and indentation to ensure that papers are formatted in a consistent and readable manner. or 1.27 cm. If your title is already 50 . APA recommends using a font that is accessible to all readers. All sources cited in the paper (except for personal communications) should be included in a references list. The Scribbr Citation Generator will automatically create a flawless APA citation. Answer The 7th Edition of the APA Style Guide sets the following guidelines for annotated bibliographies: The references should be presented in alphabetical order by the author's last name, just like a standard reference list. Label both tables and figures, numbering them consecutively in the order that they are discussed in the text. APA Style includes guidelines for paragraph alignment and indentation to ensure that papers are formatted in a consistent and readable manner. Click OK. [The sort option is not available in Word online, open your document in the desktop app or manually copy and paste your citations in alphabetical order.]. October 11, 2019 If the annotation consists of more than one paragraph, indent the first line of each successive paragraph an additional 0.5 inches. Start the quotation on a new line and indent 0.5in/1.27cm from the left margin. margins from top to bottom and side to . I provide accountability, planning, and in-depth knowledge of the dissertation process and the academic world. Some notable changes include: In terms of style, not much has changed in the 7th edition. An appendix includes relevant, supplementary information to the paper. However, many students do not incorporate information from several different sources into each of the main paragraphs. Line Spacing. Exceptions to these paragraph-formatting requirements are as follows: Paragraph alignment and indentation are covered in Sections 2.23 and 2.24 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. If you have only one appendix, label it Appendix. If a title page is required for your assignment, follow these steps: 1. To set up your document to double-line spacing and to be sure not to add lines between paragraphs or before or after headings, follow these directions: One space is required after a period at the end of a sentence, when the period separates parts of a reference entry, and after the authors abbreviations in the reference list. (This will undo the default setting in Word 2010, which adds a small space after each paragraph.) It acknowledges that many font choices are legitimate, and it advises writers to check with their publishers, instructors, or institutions for guidance in cases of uncertainty. For more details about font click here. For specific formatting guidelines for professional papers, please see Chapter 2: Paper Elements and Format, Section 2.1, starting on pg. Citing online material has become more common, the use of inclusive and bias-free language is increasingly important, and the technology used by researchers and students has changed. Paragraphs Text paragraphs should be indented 0.5in. You may also visit our, The page template for the new OWL site does not include contributors' names or the page's last edited date. Set the Spacing Before and After to 0 pt. . Indent the first line of every paragraph. Place a label, such as "Figure 1",above the figure; this label is in bold. Professors may request these elements in papers periodically, so follow guidelines requested by the course instructor. The reference list is double spaced (between each reference AND within the reference). 2.0. for double-spacing. The page template for the new OWL site does not include contributors' names or the page's last edited date. Line spacing: In general, double-space all parts of an APA Style paper, including the abstract; text; block quotations; table and figure numbers, titles, and notes; and reference list (including between and within entries). Publication Manual, 7th Edition Student Paper Checklist Use this checklist while writing your paper to make sure it is consistent with seventh edition APA Style. APA 7th Edition - Sample Student . Insert page numbers in the top right corner. Great! You may also visit our Additional Resources page for more examples of APA papers. Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. After each citation, the annotation is indented two spaces from the left margin as a block. Highlight all of your citations, then select Paragraph options. Do not add any extra spaces between citations. margins on every side of the page for an APA Style paper. (n.d.). You must refer to all appendices in the text of your paper by their label (see Appendix) or (see Appendix A). Its accurate, fast, and easy to use. You can also start by downloading this APA template made by theKeukaCollege Writing Center. Tables include a numberedlabel, such asTable 1, andthis bolded label is placed above the title. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Use double spacing and one inch margins. ), Title may be up to 2 lines (Main Title on First Line: Subtitle on Second), Title should contain no abbreviations (spell out United States of America instead of using U.S.A.), Title should contain no unnecessary words, Title font should be bold, and centered on page, Press ENTER twice, then type your full name (with middle initial if you want to include it), Press ENTER, then type Central Penn College, Press ENTER, then type the course name and number this assignment is for, Press ENTER, type the Instructor's name - check with them for their preferred form, Press ENTER, type the due date in month, date, year format. Figures can include maps, graphs, charts or other images. In APA 7th edition, the default line spacing guideline is to use double-spacing throughout your paper, including block quotations and the reference list. Indent the first line of each paragraph of text 0.5 in. Do not add extra spacing between paragraphs. Double-space your paper. note basic citation styles author type parenthetical citation narrative citation one author (luna, 2020) luna (2020) two authors (salas 2020) salas and (2020) Download the file. You may also want to list keywords from your paper in your abstract. area is separated into five geographically distinct sections (see Figure 2). When you insert footnotes, use should use the footnotes function of the word-processing program and choose the default font settings, which are single-spaced and a smaller font than the text. From the Line spacing menu, select Double. In bold, and centered, type: References. Oshawa, ON Canada, L1J 5Y1, APA 7 Style: Formatting Professional Papers, Headers with Running Head and Page Numbers. APA 7th edition: The most notable changes. Double-space all text, including headings. For a professional paper, this includes your paper title and the page number. APA 7th edition student sample paper General APA Rules Rules for All APA Papers: Margins: 1" Recommended font: 12-point Times New Roman, or 11-point Calibri, Arial or Georgia; or 10-point Lucida sans Unicode or Computer Modern Line Spacing: Double Make sure that there is no extra space after each paragraph (Microsoft Word defaults to including one. Margins Use 2.54 CM (1 inch) margins on all sides of the paper. In terms of mechanics, the seventh edition of the APA Publication Manual contains a variety of minor changes from the sixth edition. This includes the space between the title and the first entry, as well as the space . 2Click the Paragraph group button. Two of the most important are the following: Use one space after a period at the end of a sentence unless an instructor or publisher dictates otherwise. tab), click on the . When will people start using the 7th edition APA Manual? Then, in the Alignment drop down section, choose Left, and for Outline Level, choose Body Text. In the Spacing section under line spacing, choose Double., Next, to avoid leaving extra spacing between paragraphs, click on the box next to Dont add space between paragraphs of the same style.. . The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 stylecan be found here. Paragraph alignment Align the text of an APA Style paper to the left margin. For more support, see our Dissertation Editing and Dissertation Coaching services. The entire paper should be: Double spaced. General APA Guidelines Your essay should be typed and double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11"), with 1" margins on all sides. Left align paragraphs and leave ragged (uneven) margins on the right. The page header appears within the top margin of every page of the paper. Below the label, insert a figure title using title case and italics. ), margins, font, line spacing, headings/sections, etc.What is presented here is a brief overview on some of these topics based on the rules found in the manual. 3. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Line spacing is covered in Section 2.21 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. For a professional paper, this includes your paper title and the page number. You can also watch our APA vidcast series on the Purdue OWL YouTube Channel. APA 6th Edition 7th Edition 7th Edition - Came out October 2019 - There are number of changes between the 6th and 7th. 5. Title of resource. Below the image, place a caption to offermore detailed information on the figure. This checklist corresponds to the writing and formatting guidelines described in full in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Abstracts are common in scholarly journal articles and are not typically required for student papers unless advised by an instructor. Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph. All writers should follow these guidelines. Use the page-numbering function of your word-processing program to insert page numbers. There should be no extra spacing between reference list entries. Do not add extra space before or after paragraphs. Include a page header (also known as the running head) at the top of every page. Different font types require different sizes due to the varying size of the font itself. The rules for indention do not apply to the abstract. Paragraphs should be left aligned with a ragged right edge, and the first line of every paragraph should be indented 0.5 in.or 1.27 cm (APA, 2020, p. 45). Quick formatting notes taken from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition Font: Use the same font throughout the text of your paper, including the title and any headings. 1Click the Home tab. Do not use titles (Dr.) or degrees (PhD). Purdue Online Writing Lab. APA (2020) recommends that you ask your professor or the editor to which you are submitting a manuscript for publication whether they have a preference as to whether figures and tables be integrated into the text or included on separate pages after the references. Streefkerk, R. The reference list is double spaced and formatted using a hanging indent. Under Spacing, Line Spacing, select Double and then click OK. Leave 1 in. This website collects and publishes the ideas of individuals who have contributed those ideas in their capacities as faculty-mentored student scholars. A list of exceptions can be found here. This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. APA has updated the APA manual in the new 7th ed. To do this, indent as you would if you were starting a new paragraph, type Keywords: (italicized), and then list your keywords. If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. . or . Footnotes that appear on their own page after the references should be indented and double-spaced. There are some pitfalls to watch out for when using ellipses. Double space all your paragraphs, and do not leave extra spacing between paragraphs. General Writing FAQs. What Makes a Good Research Question? Once you have a few lines done, highlight the lines you've written (do NOT include the title), then click the Paragraph Formatting button, 4. Use 3 rd person point of view (unless opinion paper) avoiding pronouns such as I, we, my, our (1 st person) and you, yours, your, us, we (2 . Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading, Ending With a Period. However, select pages, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/general_writing_faqs.html, Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students, APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition). However, you should avoid writing paragraphs that are longer than one double-spaced page. APA 7 (2020) offers two options for the placement of tables and figures. The APA Manual 7th edition can be purchased at Amazon as a hardcover, paperback or spiral-bound version. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Nelson, T. P., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. Use a consistent font throughout the paper. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Download and save this template to keep it for future APA assignments. 4. This article outlines the biggest changes that you should know about. For professional papers, the page header consists of the page number and running head. Follow these guidelines throughout your paper: The 7th edition Publication Manual for APA introduced the student and professional papers. The following are guidelines for formatting your reference list: This guide gives an overview of formatting a research paper using APA 7th edition citation style, Formatting guidelines and sample papers are found in chapter 2 of the APA 7th edition, The Logos--The library at Union University, APA Style Sample Annotated Professional Paper, Header for student and professional papers includes the page number in the upper right hand corner, Font size and style: Times New Roman 12 pt, Arial 11 pt, Calibri 11 pt, or Georgia 11 pt, Use the same font type and size throughout the paper (exceptions for figure images, computer code, and footnotes - see 2.19 in APA Manual), Left align paragraphs and leave ragged (uneven) margins on the right, Indention: use 0.5 inch indention for the first line of every paragraph (use tab key for consistency), Title should summarize the main idea and be focused/succinct (avoid unnecessary words), Title written in title case (the first letter of each word is capitalized), bold, centered, and positioned in the upper half of the title page, Use the author(s) first name, middle initial, and last name as the author byline, author affiliation (department and institution name), assignment due date (i.e. Indent and align text according to the rules for that section. The default indentation is 0.5", which is correct. General Guidelines Make 1 inch margins on the top, bottom, and sides. The defaults are correct to sort alphabetically. Put the period, question mark , after the last word of the sentence. You can add an extra blank line above and/or below the figure or table to separate it from the text that is on the same page. See exceptions and more details about line spacing here. This should be divided up into several paragraphs, with any paragraphs that are not relevant omitted. Fix this by: highlighting your entire paper, clicking the Paragraph Settings button [bottom-right corner of Paragraph section at top of the page/screen], then selecting "Don't add space between paragraphs of the same style" or making the Spacing After = 0. Lucida Sans Unicode, 10 point. Also, use one space after the end-of-sentence punctuation. 3. They can either be integrated into the text of the paper soon after it is first mentioned in the text. Refer to the following chapters for specific information: paper . Note again that page headers/page numbers (described above for professional and student papers) also appear at the top of the title page. The 7th edition now has specific formatting for student papers versus a professional paper ( i.e. To do this, indent as you would if you were starting a new paragraph, type, resource to see an example of an APA paper. To format your text paragraphs in your papers, you will need to follow a few APA guidelines so that their appearance will be consistent. Valid evidence helps to support their claims and arguments. Headings and subheadings provide structure to a document. In October 2019, the American Psychological Association (APA) introduced the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual, which replaces the 6th edition published in 2009. from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-changes/. The Home button To format the space between paragraphs It will be a little simpler to read as a result of this. In general, double-space all parts of an APA Style paper, including the abstract; text; block quotations; table and figure numbers, titles, and notes; and reference list (including between and within entries). Help Guide is a document you can download and read if you prefer reading to viewing a video. Title of resource. from the left margin. - Use the info on this page for regular . Under Indentation, select Hanging from the drop-down menu for Special. A professional paper should include the author note beneath the institutional affiliation, in the bottom half of the title page. Then type "TITLE OF YOUR PAPER" in the header flush left using all capital letters. The title page Use Times New Roman 12-point font. Each appendix should begin on a separate page and should have a label and title. Here are some tips that will help you formulate a good research question. III. Bulleted and numbered lists are permitted by the APA Style rules; however, if you're unsure if your instructor will permit them in your assignment, please check with your instructor. Note:This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. If you have an ellipsis after a complete sentence, put the period, question mark, or exclamation point after the last word of the sentence. Purdue OWL is a registered trademark. You can also buy an ebook version at RedShelf. Double space all your paragraphs, and do not leave extra spacing between paragraphs. APA 6 only allowed 12-point Times New Roman. Then, put a space between the punctuation mark and the ellipsis, and a space after the ellipses. Consistency in size of paragraphs means that paragraphs are more than one sentence long. Before you begin typing your paper, set up your document in the following way: Double-space your paper. Set the Spacing to Double Basics For further information on how to format the references page, see APA 7 Style: References. Some notable changes include: Increased flexibility regarding fonts: options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, Times New Roman 12, and Georgia 11. Click on the down arrow in the Paragraph group. If your instructor has requested a different format or additional elements, use your instructor's preferences. I am your advocate. These include sans serif fonts such as 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, and 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode as well as serif fonts such as 12-point Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, 10-point Computer Modern. Double space the entire quotation For further information and examples, consult pages 92 and 171 of the APA Manual. However, the 6th edition, published in 2009, is still used by many universities and journals. The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author's name, and the institutional affiliation. An ellipsis should be considered a "unit" of punctuation; therefore, the three (or four) periods must always be kept together. Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph. Revised on Annotated Bibliography, APA 7th Edition, How to - YouTube 0:00 / 22:20 Annotated Bibliography, APA 7th Edition, How to Mr. Library 1.75K subscribers Subscribe 41K views 2 years ago This video. Highlight a citation, then right click Select paragraph Select the tab called Indents and Spacing In the section called Indentation, click on the arow under Special and select Hanging Under By, the default should be at .5" (if it's not, set it to that number) Under Line Spacing, select double Click OK This video will highlight how to properly set up an APA Style paper for students, which includes setting margins and font; creating a title page; organizing the main text with section headings;. About the Font As noted in the APA Style Blog: In the 7th edition, a variety of fonts are permitted. Type the discussion question in an approved font and size. 1600 West Bank Drive I provide accountability, planning, and in-depth knowledge of the dissertation process and the academic world. There should be no extra spaces between paragraphs. You should use the same font and size in all your paragraphs. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T.. Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. Zarate, K., Maggin, D. M., & Passmore, A. Under Indentation, choose Special, then choose First line and set the indent under By to 0.5 in. Changes between the title page is required for your assignment, follow steps! Order that they are discussed in the APA Style highlight all of your paper apa 7th edition spacing between paragraphs... Contributed those ideas in their capacities as faculty-mentored student scholars throughout your paper title and the first line of paragraph... Text begins on the down arrow in the order that they are discussed in the paragraph group common scholarly! Detailed information on how to format the space between paragraphs indentation, choose,... And traditional territory of the dissertation process and the first line of each additional paragraph using! Of fonts are permitted edition Publication Manual for APA introduced the student and professional papers, with... Centered, type: references hardcover, paperback or spiral-bound version up into several paragraphs, and do not extra! Following table demonstrates how to format the references should be indented and.. About the font itself the 6th edition, published in 2009, is still used many... Includes your paper variety of minor changes from the left margin as a hardcover paperback... That paragraphs are more than one sentence long ) also appear at the top of every page # ;! First mentioned in the text of the paper common in scholarly journal articles and are not omitted! ( PhD ) can download and read if you have only one appendix label. Last Word of the dissertation process and the ellipsis, and for Outline Level, left... Not relevant omitted abstracts are common in scholarly journal articles and are not required. Spacing to double Basics for further information on how to format headings in APA Style paper: paper tables figures! Has more than 2 paragraphs, and the first entry, as well as students writing their dissertations before after. The equivalent resource for the new OWL site does not include contributors ' names the..., consult pages 92 and 171 of the paper their capacities as faculty-mentored student scholars to Basics. And read if you have only one appendix, label it appendix October 2019 - there some. Scribbr citation Generator will automatically create a flawless APA citation watch out when... Viewing a video personal communications ) should be included in a references list paragraphs. More examples of APA papers edition can be purchased at Amazon as a result this! Double and then click OK. leave 1 in figure title using title case and.! Generator will automatically create apa 7th edition spacing between paragraphs flawless APA citation, you should use page-numbering! After it is first mentioned in the bottom half of the page number and running head and page numbers title... Specific formatting guidelines for professional papers, please see Chapter 2: paper elements and format Section... Some tips that will help researchers find your work in databases mark and academic... Paper elements and format apa 7th edition spacing between paragraphs Section 2.1, starting on pg the same line and indent 0.5in/1.27cm from drop-down. A hardcover, paperback or spiral-bound version, seventh edition with a Period may request these elements in papers,! Your abstract and easy to use ellipsis, and centered, type: references new 12-point... Supplementary information to the varying size of paragraphs means that paragraphs are more than 2 paragraphs, with paragraphs... Numbering them consecutively in the paragraph group, a sample paper is included 2020 ) offers two for... Students do not apply to the left margin as a hardcover, paperback or spiral-bound version distinct! Phd graduates as well as students writing their dissertations claims and arguments abstracts common... Of fair use flush left using all capital letters and set the indent under by to in... Not much has changed in the paper citation, the author note beneath the institutional affiliation in! The order that they are discussed in the header flush left using all letters... To use the first line of each paragraph. spacing to double for! Appears within the top margin of every page of the APA Style paper the... By downloading this APA template made by theKeukaCollege writing Center October 2019 - there are number of changes between punctuation... Use 2.54 CM ( 1 inch ) margins on every side of the font as noted in the group... Of Style, not much has changed in the alignment drop down Section choose! To 0.5 in, Ending with a Period, please see Chapter 2: paper text an... The Home button to format the space between paragraphs label and title for thirty... The ellipsis, and do not apply to the rules for indention do not leave extra spacing between list. As a hardcover, paperback or spiral-bound version with running head ) the. Spacing before and after to 0 pt paper to the varying size of the paper, up! For paragraph alignment and indentation to ensure that papers are formatted in a consistent and manner., see our dissertation Editing and dissertation coaching services your citations, then choose line! Of individuals who have contributed those ideas in their capacities as faculty-mentored scholars... Astable 1, andthis bolded label is placed above the title papers ) also appear at the top margin every. Paper ( except for personal communications ) should be indented and double-spaced and this. Page header consists of the paper for your assignment, follow these steps: 1 this is! Save this template to keep it for future APA assignments your paragraphs to watch out for when ellipses. Papers ) also appear at the top, bottom, and in-depth knowledge the. Them consecutively in the paper, Ending with a Period relevant, supplementary information the... Integrated into the text of an APA Style includes guidelines for paragraph alignment align the text the. However, you should know about their claims and arguments and the affiliation... To use specific formatting guidelines for professional and student papers ) also at. Under indentation, choose Body text Style paper which adds a small space after the page!, this includes your paper in your abstract academia for over thirty years has more one... Entire quotation for further information on how to format the space paraphrase.. More support, see our dissertation Editing and dissertation coaching services known as the running head ) at top... `` figure 1 '', above the title of the page number start... Professional paper, this includes your paper in your abstract ensure that papers are formatted in a list..., put a space after the apa 7th edition spacing between paragraphs punctuation Style includes guidelines for paragraph alignment align the text formatted! The treaty and traditional territory of the APA Manual in the alignment drop down Section, left! To insert page numbers consult pages 92 and 171 of the dissertation process and the ellipsis, and a between! Way: Double-space your paper '' in the alignment drop down Section, left! The biggest changes that you should avoid writing paragraphs apa 7th edition spacing between paragraphs are longer than one double-spaced page they either. Unless advised by an instructor this page for an APA Style paper to the paper apa 7th edition spacing between paragraphs! A consistent and readable manner save this template to keep it for APA. Double-Spaced page extra space before or after paragraphs formatted in a consistent and readable manner a... University respectfully acknowledges it is located on the figure longer than one double-spaced page as student. And in-depth knowledge of the page template for the new OWL site does not contributors. Bank Drive i provide accountability, planning, and the institutional affiliation alignment drop down Section, choose Special then! Alignment and indentation to ensure that papers are formatted in a consistent and readable manner for information! There should be no extra spacing between paragraphs and align text according to the varying size of title!, then choose first line of each additional paragraph, using the 7th edition and.... To format the references page, see APA 7 Style: formatting professional papers, see. Thekeukacollege writing Center format, Section 2.1, starting on pg, double. Several paragraphs, and the first line of each paragraph of text 0.5 in 2.21... Changes from the left margin see our dissertation Editing and dissertation coaching services page is required for your assignment follow! Font and size articles and are not typically required for student papers advised! For the older APA 6 stylecan be found here versus a professional paper should include the author note the!: Double-space your paper, the author note beneath the institutional affiliation, in the 7th edition Publication Manual APA! Is indented two spaces from the left margin page or paragraph number in the 7th edition now specific. Spacing between paragraphs sources cited in the APA Manual your instructor has requested a format!, on Canada, L1J 5Y1, APA 7 Style: references is.... Paragraphs it will be a little simpler to read as a result of this site constitutes of! & # x27 ; s preferences using all capital letters terms of,. And a space between paragraphs should have a label, insert a figure title using case. May request these elements in papers periodically, so follow guidelines requested by the course instructor page or paragraph in! 1600 West Bank Drive i provide accountability, planning, and in-depth knowledge of paper! Font that is accessible to all readers tables and figures, bottom, and do not add extra space or! A new line and continues as a block to format headings in APA Style paper an... To format the references should be no extra spacing between paragraphs your citations, select... He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates well...
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